<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 24pt;" class="">Pena Nieto Pushes Labor Reforms, But Unions Still See Shortcomings</span></div><h1 style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 24pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></h1><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Inside US Trade</div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Posted: December 15, 2015 <o:p class=""></o:p></div><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto has newly pledged to carry out labor rights reforms in two areas identified as critical by House Democrats and U.S. labor unions in the context of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) debate, but labor advocates are already questioning the extent to which the promised steps will really represent meaningful change.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">On Nov. 30, Pena Nieto's government submitted legislation to the Mexican Senate that would ratify an International Labor Organization (ILO) convention banning the use of so-called “protection contracts." These are contracts are negotiated by employer representatives, rather than elected union officials, and thus tend to favor management.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Shortly thereafter on Dec. 4, Pena Nieto himself gave a speech announcing plans to push for substantial reform of what are called conciliation and arbitration boards, or CABs, that govern labor disputes between workers and employers. Democrats like House Ways & Means Ranking Member Sander Levin (D-MI) as well as labor advocates <a href="http://insidetrade.com/node/147102" style="color: purple;" class="">say these boards</a> are opaque, rife with corruption and dogged by delays in adjudicating disputes.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">These are both areas that Levin and union representatives have said should be addressed in the context of Mexico's participation in TPP. But labor sources told <em class="">Inside U.S. Trade</em> there are still too many outstanding questions to be able to judge whether the steps announced will bring about change for the Mexican workforce.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">For example, with regard to the ILO convention -- one of the organization's “core” or fundamental conventions, known as Convention 98 -- labor advocates say that what is needed to give meaning to its ratification are further legal steps to ensure that Mexican workers can actually bargain and negotiate freely with their employers.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Among the most important of these steps, according to Brian Finnegan of the AFL-CIO's international program, is that the Mexican government make it expressly illegal to register any collective bargaining agreement that has not been ratified by the workers who are party to it. Democratic unions are also hoping for constitutional reforms to the CABs, which adjudicate disputes over collective bargaining, among other issues.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">"These phony labor agreements [protection contracts] are enforced by biased and corrupt government Labor Boards,” the AFL-CIO said in a Dec. 3 statement. “While ratification is important, it doesn't provide the tools to ensure workers can exercise their rights in the workplace. That's why the AFL-CIO and the democratic trade union movement in Mexico have called for Mexico to enact key reforms to its Constitution and laws."<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">As for the CABs, Pena Nieto in his speech did not delve into specifics, and did not address whether he would push to reform the Mexican Constitution -- which is what labor advocates say would be necessary in order to move these boards under the auspices of the judiciary branch and make them more transparent, accountable and fair.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">"We are determined to carry out the changes to ensure that their operation is updated in accordance with the principles of legality, transparency, accountability, fairness, equity and efficiency. We are open to discussing and revising everything necessary to achieve this goal,” the president said in the speech, which was delivered to labor ministers from the Organization of American States.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">He said he hopes Mexico's Congress will adopt the reforms he has proposed to the CABs in a legislative session slated to be held between Feb. 1 and April 30, which would be well before any estimate for when the U.S. Congress will consider legislation to implement the TPP agreement.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">The Mexican government has sought to <a href="http://insidetrade.com/node/149548" style="color: purple;" class="">divorce the issue</a> of the labor reforms from TPP, but the AFL-CIO has argued that failure to press Mexico for wider overhauls prior to granting it benefits under the trade deal would mean the U.S. will have “lost key leverage” to ensure Mexican workers can exercise their rights.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><strong class="">Mexico's CABs currently follow a tripartite structure in which representatives from unions</strong>, the government and private industry each have an equal vote on a panel. This arrangement has been widely criticized by unions as yielding too much power to Mexico’s executive branch, rather than the independent judiciary. Additionally, they claim, the worker representatives too often speak for employer-dominated unions, rather than democratic ones.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">However, the structure has been defended in the last month by Mexican Labor Secretary Alfonso Navarrete Prida, in a sign that the Pena Nieto government may not be willing to push for the kind of overhaul U.S. unions are demanding.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">"We understand [the proposals] may not really be sufficient, legally, to do what needs to be done," Finnegan said. "It will make some changes, but the fact is [the CABs are] so beyond repair that everyone tells us you need to eliminate and replace them with something else."<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Labor advocates directed similar criticisms toward the plan to ratify ILO Convention 98. Finnegan and another labor source noted that Pena Nieto made no commitments on how Mexico would implement or enforce the convention if it is ratified. The source pointed out, however, that the TPP labor chapter requires countries to enforce their own labor laws, meaning Mexico in theory could face a dispute settlement challenge if it fails to effectively enforce its commitments under ILO Convention 98.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">TPP Article 19.5.1 states: “No Party shall fail to effectively enforce its labor laws through a sustained or recurring course of action or inaction in a manner affecting trade or investment between the parties after the date of entry into force of this Agreement."<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">But it is still a question when and whether the Mexican Senate will even ratify the convention at all. While the Mexican legislature is controlled by Pena Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party, the Coordinating Business Council (CCE), a Mexican business group, has expressed opposition to efforts to ratifying it.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">"Current Mexican law already adequately and fundamentally protects the principle of the right to association and collective bargaining," CCE's president, Gerardo Gutierrez Candiani, said in a Dec. 7 statement. He argued ratifying the convention would upset what he claimed is a “peace” between workers and employers that now exists in Mexico.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""> "Other countries' experience in implementing this convention has been a constant source of complaints and extortions, including before the ILO," Candiani added. The CCE statement also noted that the U.S. has not ratified Convention 98. The U.S. has only ratified two of the eight core ILO conventions.</p></body></html>