<html><head></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><div>As we sift through the autopsies of the election and chart a path forward, CEPR offers these two pieces looking at the influence of Democratic support for a neoliberal economic and trade agenda, and the need to break from that, and to develop leadership that will bring forth a progressive economic message.</div><div><br></div><div><a href="http://cepr.net/blogs/beat-the-press/the-high-price-of-the-trans-pacific-partnership">http://cepr.net/blogs/beat-the-press/the-high-price-of-the-trans-pacific-partnership</a></div><div><br></div><div><div class="page-header" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Oswald, HelveticaNeue-CondensedBold, Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 32px; margin: -8px 0px 13px; font-size: 25.228px;">The High Price of the Trans-Pacific Partnership </h2></div><dl class="article-info muted" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Oswald, HelveticaNeue-CondensedBold, Arial, sans-serif;"><dd class="published" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px;"><span class="icon-calendar" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><time datetime="2016-11-09T05:20:15-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Published: 09 November 2016</time></dd><dd class="published" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857143; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px;"><time datetime="2016-11-09T05:20:15-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" style="box-sizing: border-box;">By Dean Baker</time></dd></dl></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">It will be very hard to get used to the two words “President Trump,” but somehow we will have to figure out a way to survive and keep the country and world intact for the next four years. There are many factors behind the rise of Donald Trump. Clearly, a big part of Trump’s appeal lay in his open expressions of racism, xenophobia, and misogyny.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">But this is not the whole story. Many of the white working class people who voted for Trump yesterday voted for Barack Obama just four years earlier. Their character was not transformed in the last four years.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Undoubtedly, part of the story is that some of these people could not bring themselves to vote for a woman for president, even if they could vote for a black man with a foreign-sounding name. There were endless accounts of open and hateful displays of sexism directed against Hillary Clinton and her supporters, many of them encouraged by the candidate himself.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">However, even against this backdrop the election was still incredibly close, with states like Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan certainly well within Clinton’s reach. There were many factors that depressed Clinton’s vote, most obviously the endless drumbeat about e-mails, which were amplified in the last days of the campaign by F.B.I. Director James Comey’s bizarre intervention into the race.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">While many of these factors were beyond the control of Clinton and the Democrats, one factor that was under their control was the decision to push the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Needless to say, there is little public knowledge of the details of the TPP. But the TPP symbolized a pattern of trade that cost millions of manufacturing jobs in the prior decade and put downward pressure on the wages of the workers without college degrees more generally.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">This pattern of trade has been an important factor in the wage stagnation of the last four decades. If the wages of workers without college degrees had kept pace with productivity growth since 1980, they would be more than 40 percent higher than they are today. This is a big deal to these workers and their families. Even if trade was not the whole story of income inequality, working class people are certainly correct to see it as a big part of the picture.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">The TPP probably would not have substantially contributed, at least directly, to further depressing wages. We already have trade deals with six of the 11 countries in the pact and have extensive trade relations with the others. Rather the TPP was about putting in place a business-friendly structure of regulation. It also increased patent and copyright protection, with the goal of increasing the profits of the pharmaceutical, software, and entertainment industry. In other words, the TPP was about further extending a pattern of trade aimed at redistributing income upward.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">It is important to understand that this is not some natural process of globalization. We deliberately placed our manufacturing workers in direct competition with low-paid workers in the developing world. The predicted and actual effect of this policy is to lower their wages. At the same time, we have left in place or even increased protections that benefit those at the high end. Our doctors earn on average more than $250,000 a year, twice the pay of their counterparts in other wealthy countries. This gap is in large part because we prohibit foreign doctors from practicing in the United States unless they complete a U.S. residency program. There is a similar story of protectionism for dentists who must graduate a U.S. dental school (or recently Canadian).</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">In addition, making patents and copyrights longer and stronger, both here and around the world, redistributes income from the bulk of the population to those in a position to profit from these protections. This is the story of the Hepatitis C drug Sovaldi, which has a list price of $84,000. The free market price is a couple hundred dollars. We will pay more than $430 billion this year for drugs that would sell for 10–20 percent of this amount in a free market.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">There was nothing natural about the upward redistribution we have seen over the last four decades, it was <a href="http://deanbaker.net/books/rigged.htm" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(80, 145, 176); text-decoration: none;">deliberate policy</a>. And the TPP was a symbol of this policy. It was a trade pact that was crafted by and for major business interests.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Although Clinton disowned the pact in the course of the campaign, few took this disavowal seriously. After all, she had overseen much of the negotiation process as Secretary of State and she has been closely associated with backers of this pattern of trade over the course of her political career.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">President Obama’s decision to push the TPP this year was in effect waving a red cape in front of an angry bull. Trump made opposition to the TPP and other trade deals a centerpiece of his campaign. While he has presented no coherent alternative position, his explicit opposition likely appealed to many working class voters in key states.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">It is certainly possible that pushing the TPP created the margin of Trump’s victory in several key states. The irony of Obama’s decision to push the TPP, rather than just letting it drop, is that the deal now appears genuinely dead. And as a side effect, we have President Trump.</p><div class="jwDisqusForm" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></div></div><div><hr align="center" size=""3"" width=""95%""></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><span class="submitted-date" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">November 09, 2016, 06:28 pm</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span><h1 class="title" id="page-title" style="font-size: 39px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; font-family: proxima-nova, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dems need alternative to four decades of neoliberal failure</h1><div class="clearer" style="clear: both; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"></div><article class="node-305330 node node-blogs view-mode-full clearfix" about="/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/305330-dems-need-alternative-to-four-decades-of-neoliberal-failure" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><p class="submitted-by" style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; font-family: Helvetica, Arial; color: rgb(0, 51, 102);">By <span rel="sioc:has_creator">Mark Weisbrot, contributor</span></p></article></div><div><div style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/305330-dems-need-alternative-to-four-decades-of-neoliberal-failure">http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/305330-dems-need-alternative-to-four-decades-of-neoliberal-failure</a><br></div></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The polls were wrong, the unthinkable has happened, and </span><span class="rollover-people" data-behavior="rolloverpeople" style="position: relative; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><a class="rollover-people-link" data-nid="261287" href="http://thehill.com/people/donald-trump" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">Donald Trump</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> has been elected the 45th president of the United States, with a Republican Congress.</span></div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The swing voters, as in most presidential elections of the past few decades, were white working-class voters. It would be worthwhile therefore to think about how a large majority of this group ended up voting against their own interests.</span><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Many liberals will blame the voters themselves, seeing them as racist, misogynistic and otherwise backward and ignorant.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">There is no doubt that Trump voters are <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/20/6-charts-that-show-where-clinton-and-trump-supporters-differ/" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">worse </a>than average in attitudes toward non-white Americans, immigrants and women.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">After all, most of them are Republicans; about 90 percent of Republicans voted for Trump and that is the bulk of his base. The Republican Party, since at least the civil rights movement and legislation of the 1960s and its "Southern strategy," has been a white people's party. It has also <a href="http://cepr.net/publications/op-eds-columns/republicans-qwar-on-womenq-backfires" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">engaged in a "war on women"</a> before Trump took the stage to literally add a lot of insults to the injuries.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">So, no surprises there, even if he used a police whistle instead of just a dog whistle.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The more important question is what moved the swing voters.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">And here it must be acknowledged that while racism and sexism were factors, there were <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lori-wallach/latest-tpp-peril-presiden_b_12883024.html" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">also </a>millions of protest votes. Trump posed as an outsider and many of his supporters liked that he was giving the middle finger, so to speak, to people they didn't like, including the mainstream media and politicians.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">But to see how they might be angry enough to vote for someone like Trump — whom many did not even like — we have to look at the economic policies that Democrats and Republicans alike have implemented, and how these have ruined the lives and futures of so many Americans.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The media has focused on trade, partly because Trump opposed the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and other trade agreements and attacked <span class="rollover-people" data-behavior="rolloverpeople" style="position: relative;"><a class="rollover-people-link" data-nid="188224" href="http://thehill.com/people/hillary-clinton" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">Hillary Clinton</a></span> for supporting them.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Although Clinton took a position against the TPP in the campaign, she had previously supported it and there was reason to believe that she would do so after the elections.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">It certainly didn't help that President Obama launched a <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/campaign/292039-obamas-tpp-campaign-could-drag-down-democrats" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">serious effort</a>, in the middle of the presidential campaign, to pass the agreement — aiming for the lame-duck Congress, where the swing votes would be unaccountable and many would soon be taking new jobs as lobbyists.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">But the TPP and "trade" — the quotes are necessary because the most economically important features of the TPP agreement are not tariff reductions, but rather rules that give corporations and patent and copyright holders new rights and privileges — are mostly stand-ins for a larger <a href="http://deanbaker.net/books/rigged.htm" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">set of neoliberal policies</a> that have hurt the majority of Americans over the past few decades.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">These include, for example, the country's most important macroeconomic policies: fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Trade is a surrogate because people often do not understand these macroeconomic policies. This is not their fault: the media does not tell them that when the Fed raises interest rates, as it will likely do next month now that the election is past, it is deliberately slowing job growth and wage growth for workers in the bottom half of the wage distribution.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Or that the lack of job opportunities for millions of Americans could be remedied by increasing government spending, with no real cost to society since real interest rates are at zero.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Or that an overvalued dollar is responsible for many more jobs going overseas than even the worst trade agreements.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Or that the U.S. Treasury can determine the value of the dollar, and therefore our trade deficit, no matter what China does or wants.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">So "trade" agreements and "globalization," as they are represented and misrepresented in the media, take on an outsized importance.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Of course, they have played an important role in the past in deindustrializing parts of the country and destroying good-paying manufacturing jobs.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">But today, they are the most visible manifestation of neoliberal economic policies that have destroyed the livelihoods, hopes and dreams of millions. The neoliberal structural reforms of President <span class="rollover-people" data-behavior="rolloverpeople" style="position: relative;"><a class="rollover-people-link" data-nid="188333" href="http://thehill.com/people/bill-clinton" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">Bill Clinton</a></span> — NAFTA, the World Trade Organization (WTO), welfare reform and financial deregulation — did so much damage that there wasn't much left for the next president, George W. Bush, to do.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">When center-left politicians — in this case from the Democratic Party — abandon much of their base in important ways, that base can end up voting for right-wing demagogues.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">We see this in other countries: in the <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/international/284220-brexit-might-be-the-wake-up-call-europe-needs" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">Brexit vote</a> in the U.K., where Britain voted to leave the European Union, or in France, where the right-wing National Front has made large gains in recent years. This can create a vicious circle, where the center-left dismisses such voters as "backward" or "xenophobic" and pushes them further into the hands of the right, rather than looking at their legitimate grievances and trying to do something about them.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Partly because of Sen. <span class="rollover-people" data-behavior="rolloverpeople" style="position: relative;"><a class="rollover-people-link" data-nid="188217" href="http://thehill.com/people/bernie-sanders" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">Bernie Sanders</a></span>'s (I-Vt.) campaign for the Democratic nomination, the Democratic Party produced its most progressive platform ever this year. But this was not enough to convince swing voters that Clinton, given her record, would implement it.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">All this is not to ignore the fact that Republicans are reliant on <a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2016/11/09/republican_war_on_voting_rights_may_have_helped_trump_win.html" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">voter</a> <a href="http://www.democracynow.org/2016/11/7/this_is_voting_in_2016_armed" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">suppression</a>, and <a href="http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/ratf-ked-david-daley/1123515748" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">gerrymandering </a>for the House of Representatives, in order to get the power they now have.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Without these anti-democratic tools, the Republicans <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mark-weisbrot/is-the-republican-party-a_b_11270450.html" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">would be</a> a permanent minority party. Voting reform is essential to a democratic transition for America.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">But the Democrats will also need new leadership that is willing to provide an alternative to the past four decades of neoliberal failure.</p><p style="margin: 15px 0px; font-size: 15px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://cepr.net/about-us/staff/mark-weisbrot" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;"><em>Weisbrot</em></a><em> is co-director of the </em><a href="http://www.cepr.net/" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;"><em>Center for Economic and Policy Research</em></a><em> in Washington and the president of </em><a href="http://www.justforeignpolicy.org/" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;"><em>Just Foreign Policy</em></a><em>. He is also the author of the book "</em><em><a href="http://www.cepr.net/publications/failed-what-the-experts-got-wrong-about-the-global-economy" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">Failed: What the 'Experts' Got Wrong About the Global Economy</a>" </em><em>(Oxford University Press, 2015). You can subscribe to his columns </em><a href="http://org.salsalabs.com/o/967/t/9788/signUp.jsp?key=1013" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;"><em>here</em></a><em>.</em></p></div></body></html>