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<p class="normal" align="center" style="font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Times"> <b>Some Trade Deals on Hold after
Trump’s Election, but Danger Lurks in the Lesser-Known </b></span></p><p class="normal" align="center" style="font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:Times"><b>Trade in Services
Agreement (TiSA)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><b style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family:Times"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Times;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">November
28, 2016 by Deborah James<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><u><span style="font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#0000E9">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/some-trade-deals-on-hold_b_13282998.html</span></u><span style="font-family:Times"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">Fair
Traders who are celebrating the defeat of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) may
see their hard work undone if the talks towards the proposed Trade in Services
Agreement (TiSA) continue under a Trump administration. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family:Times">Many
Democrats who minimized the importance of the negative impacts of corporate
trade deals on working class Americans have now paid the price in the recent
elections. As my colleagues at the </span><a href="http://cepr.net/"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">Center for Economic and Policy Research</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> have pointed out, racists and xenophobes were always
going to vote for Trump but the key</span><a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/305330-dems-need-alternative-to-four-decades-of-neoliberal-failure"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/305330-dems-need-alternative-to-four-decades-of-neoliberal-failure"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">voters the Democrats were counting on
that they lost were largely </span></a><a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/economy-budget/305330-dems-need-alternative-to-four-decades-of-neoliberal-failure"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">working class voters</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, many of them union members, in states hit hard by
trade deals (supported by both parties) that put working class people in
competition with lower-income manufacturing workers in other countries while</span><a href="http://cepr.net/blogs/beat-the-press/the-high-price-of-the-trans-pacific-partnership"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://cepr.net/blogs/beat-the-press/the-high-price-of-the-trans-pacific-partnership"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">preserving protections for intellectual
property-holders and high income professions</span></a><span style="font-family:
Times">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family:Times">While
these working class voters may have voted against their economic interests in
terms of workers’ rights, social security, work/life balance, and other
pro-worker provisions in the Democratic platform, they were right that both
parties have become too aligned with corporate interests </span><span style="font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri">—</span><span style="font-family:Times"> and trade agreements is one
of several instances where that is the case. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">It
is yet to be seen how or if President-elect Trump will make good on his pledges
on trade to these voters, but in the initial preview of his first days in
office, he has promised to withdraw from the TPP. Likewise the talks with the
EU on a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) are on hold. In
the EU, the EU-Canada agreement, known as CETA, is in limbo while the European
Court of Justice decides whether the dispute settlement mechanism in the
agreement complies with EU law. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family:Times">Fair
trade advocates are rightly celebrating</span><a href="https://medium.com/@citizenstrade/no-trump-didnt-kill-the-tpp-progressives-did-884b534542d#.3bf4r7bsa"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><span style="font-family:Times">important victories and
noting that, thanks to </span><a href="https://medium.com/@citizenstrade/no-trump-didnt-kill-the-tpp-progressives-did-884b534542d#.9t1tyew2w"><span style="font-family:Times">successful grassroots campaigning</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, President Obama did not ever have the votes to send
the TPP to Congress for approval, and won’t be able to do so in the lame duck
session as he had originally intended.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">Unfortunately
there is still a corporate trade agreement under negotiation that has so far
received scant attention: the proposed Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA).
Trump has not commented about the TiSA, so we really don’t know his views. But
there are three reasons why we’re not “out of the woods” with the TiSA, and why
the TiSA isn’t in the same category as the TPP and TTIP for now, despite media
reports that the deal is on hold until US negotiators get new instructions:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">1.
Trump is not against corporate-driven trade agreements; he has said that he
thinks US negotiators did a bad job negotiating and that they’ve gotten bad
deals, and that he’s going to renegotiate and get good deals. So he could very
well take up the TiSA as an agreement that’s still under negotiation, put his
stamp on it, and then claim that “this is what happens when you negotiate a
good agreement!” And you can bet that the corporations are doing their best to
talk with him now about doing this, because they are not going to abandon the
project when he has yet to state his position.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">2. The
TiSA is about locking in further deregulation and privatization, and Trump
loves deregulation and privatization.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">3.
The TiSA is focused on services, so it may not speak to the working class in
his base in the same way that agreements that result in the transfer of
manufacturing jobs to low-wage, worker-unfriendly countries like Vietnam do.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">Thus,
there is an urgent need in the United States to not only ensure that Trump does
not take up a re-packaged TPP or TTIP (and possibly negotiate an even worse deal
for ordinary citizens), but also to use the short window of time before he
announces his opinion on the deal to ensure that the TiSA is permanently
sidelined as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family:Times">However,
it’s important not to think of TiSA as “only about services.” Now that nearly
every chapter of the agreement has been</span><a href="https://www.wikileaks.org/tisa"><span style="font-family:Times;
color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> </span></a><a href="https://www.wikileaks.org/tisa"><span style="font-family:Times;
color:#1155CC">leaked</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, a more
complete picture has emerged: that the TiSA is fundamentally an offshoring and
outsourcing charter.* The TiSA is intended to lock in a system of rules to
allow multinational companies to operate in a borderless digitized environment
with minimal regulation and maximum rights regarding the treatment of labor,
capital, inputs, and the new key element of data. As promoted by the
multinational financial, logistics, and big data corporations through </span><a href="https://www.teamtisa.org"><span style="font-family:Times">Team TiSA</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, the agreement would set severe limits on the ways
that governments can regulate domestic economies, removing key tools of
economic management and the ability to shape the service economy while
providing an extensive corporate bill of rights for multinational companies’
operations across the globe. Given the shift in employment patterns from
high-paying manufacturing jobs to low-wage services jobs, and given the
potential offshorability of millions more services jobs, the danger posed by
TiSA is daunting.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">Here
are ten ways that the TiSA could fundamentally affect jobs and the labor
market, based on provisions in the leaked texts, some of which have been
accepted by all parties and some of which are under negotiation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">1. Companies are expanding the category of “services”
in order to make it all-encompassing</span></b><span style="font-family:Times">.
Corporations no longer consider setting up a plant and producing goods to be
simply “manufacturing goods.” This activity is now is broken down into research
and development services, design services, legal services, real estate
services, architecture services, engineering services, construction services, energy
services, employment contracting services, consulting services, manufacturing
services, adult education services, payroll services, maintenance services, refuse
disposal services, warehousing services, data management services, telecommunications
services, audiovisual services, banking services, accounting services,
insurance services, transportation services, distribution services, marketing
services, retail services, postal and expedited delivery services, and
after-sales servicing, to name a few. Going further, a shoe or watch that
measures steps or sleep could be a fitness monitoring service, not a good. A
driverless car could be a transport service, not an automobile. Google and
Facebook could be information services and communication services,
respectively.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">2. Offshoring and outsourcing of jobs and downward
pressure on wages could greatly accelerate as TiSA would lock in</span></b><span style="font-family:Times"> <b>labor, tax,
and regulatory arbitrage </b>through rules that would allow corporations to
transfer capital, inputs, workers, and data across borders without consumer,
privacy, or labor protections so that they can enjoy the seamless global
operations of all of the above services in whichever country provided the
cheapest labor, least regulation, and lowest taxes. Note that the </span><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/mtn_gns_w_120_e.doc"><span style="font-family:Times">services classification list</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> [DOC] being used in the TiSA includes 120
subsectors, many of which are professional categories like those listed above,
that have heretofore been protected from past trade deals. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">3. Not only would TiSA promote offshoring of jobs,
but it would also greatly expand domestic “inshoring”</span></b><span style="font-family:Times">. Foreign contractors (say from Japan) would be able
to bring in workers (say from the Philippines) to conduct work inside a
consumer country (say the United States) on terms and conditions well below
minimum local pay and local standards. The workers would not even have to be
from a TiSA country. The </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20150408_Annex-on-Movement-of-Natural-Persons/"><span style="font-family:Times">Mode 4 Annex</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">
in TISA would make many employees or workers mere “independent service
contractors.” As they wouldn’t be considered formal employees, the migrant
workers would not benefit from the protection of labor laws in the host
country, their employment contracts being governed instead by default contract
laws. The question then remains, which labor laws will apply? Labor lawyer Tony
Salvador has noted: “If it is alleged that the labor laws of the [workers’]
home country applies, it would be practically impossible to assert their rights
since they are working and are based in the foreign country.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">4.</span></b><span style="font-family:Times"> <b>The TiSA does not include a labor chapter,
and in fact the draft texts only mention labor rights once</b> </span><span style="font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri">—</span><span style="font-family:Times"> in one Annex supported only
by one developing country. Workers’ rights provisions in past trade agreements
have been weak and unenforced, but the TiSA doesn’t even meet this low bar, and
does not even reference the basic standards set forth by the International
Labor Organization (ILO). In addition, companies also would not be required to
have local directors or managers, or even a local presence, compounding the
inability to hold them accountable for misdeeds in labor (or other) disputes
under national laws. TiSA’s standstill clause would constrain governments from implementing
new regulations, including labor laws, that might negatively impact the
conditions of competition of foreign firms vis-a-vis domestic companies. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">5. Preventing governments at the national, state, and
even municipal levels from supporting local businesses and local employment</span></b><span style="font-family:Times"> is a major focus of the TiSA. Foreign services
corporations would also not be required to hire local staff, even though that
is typically viewed as a major benefit of allowing foreign services suppliers
to operate in a country. Market access rules proscribing economic needs tests,
provisions requiring that foreign companies operate under “at least as
favorable” conditions of competition as domestic companies, and </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-201504_Annex-on-Government-Procurement/"><span style="font-family:Times">government procurement</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> rules opening up services contracts down to the
penny to foreign bidders would eviscerate any laws resembling “buy local” or
“buy American.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">6. The principle of “technological neutrality” which
TiSA negotiators take as a given would have immeasurable job impacts
particularly with regard to the “gig” economy.</span></b><span style="font-family:Times"> This principle means that the rules being developed
in TiSA (which are not regulations, but constraints on regulating) would apply
to all new services regardless of the technological mechanism by which they are
being delivered. So if a country opened its market to passenger transport
services, it could not apply new and different rules to Uber than to
traditional taxicabs. Driverless cars, drone delivery, and other steps towards
automation would have to be regulated the same way as other mechanisms of
delivering a service. Given the speed of technological change, locking out the
possibility of developing different regulations for different technologies is a
serious usurpation of the role of the public oversight over corporate practices
and would massively impact millions of jobs in these emerging sectors.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">7. Job loss as a result of privatization would
increase </span></b><span style="font-family:Times">as </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20151006_Annex-on-State-Owned-Enterprises/"><span style="font-family:Times">publicly owned utilities</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> would have to compete under the same rules as
private companies, reducing the benefits of public ownership, resulting in the
elimination of jobs that inevitably follows privatization. The TiSA also
includes a ratchet clause, which would lock in existing and future
liberalization of services, making failed experiments in privatization of education,
health, water or electricity distribution, transportation, postal delivery, garbage
collection, or wastewater treatment irreversible. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">8. The financial services text of the TiSA is the
closest thing imaginable to a guarantee of another job-killing financial crisis</span></b><span style="font-family:Times">. If the draft texts were accepted, the TiSA would
constrain governments from implementing most of the regulations that are
recognized, both domestically and internationally, as </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20150415_Annex-on-Financial-Services/"><span style="font-family:Times">essential to prevent another global financial crisis</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">. This includes, for example, rules against banning
toxic financial products and rules against establishing limits on the size of
banks; governments would forego any possibility of breaking up “too big to
fail” systemically risky financial institutions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">9. Workers would have to shoulder even more of the
tax burden as corporate tax evasion would accelerate</span></b><span style="font-family:Times">. Companies that supply a service </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20151001_New-provisions/"><span style="font-family:Times">would not be required to have any physical local
presence</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, making value addition even
more difficult to pinpoint, facilitating tax avoidance. The trend of companies
moving headquarters to tax havens would speed up, shifting the tax burden of maintaining
schools, healthcare, and infrastructure even more to workers. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">10. The TiSA could potentially be used as the basis
of a foreign company’s claim against the United States.</span></b><span style="font-family:Times"> The TiSA does not include the infamous Investor to
State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism by which private foreign corporations
can sue sovereign governments in private courts (because the aim is to bring it
back into the WTO). However, under the TiSA an “investor could also refer to
the breach of TiSA rules as part of its case that its ‘legitimate expectations’
of fair and equitable treatment had been violated </span><span style="font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri">—</span><span style="font-family:Times"> an extremely open ended and
unpredictable concept that investors rely on most often to challenge government
regulations and decisions, even when they are made in the public interest,”
according to the analysis of the EU’s</span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/201609_TiSA_Analysis-on-Dispute-Settlement/201609_TiSA_Analysis-on-Dispute-Settlement.pdf"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/201609_TiSA_Analysis-on-Dispute-Settlement/201609_TiSA_Analysis-on-Dispute-Settlement.pdf"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">dispute settlement proposal</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> in July of this year.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family:Times">There
are many other negative consequences of the proposed TiSA – for our</span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20151010_Annex-on-Domestic-Regulation/"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20151010_Annex-on-Domestic-Regulation/"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">democracy</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, the</span><a href="http://www.world-psi.org/en/tisa-undermines-cop21-action-says-analysis-leaked-annex-energy"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://www.world-psi.org/en/tisa-undermines-cop21-action-says-analysis-leaked-annex-energy"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">climate</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, our</span><a href="http://www.world-psi.org/en/psi-special-report-tisa-versus-public-services"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://www.world-psi.org/en/psi-special-report-tisa-versus-public-services"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">public services</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, global </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/20161007_TiSA_Analysis-on-Financial-Services-Annex/"><span style="font-family:Times">financial stability</span></a><span style="font-family:
Times">, and our</span><a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/10/tisa-proposes-new-global-rules-data-flows-and-safe-harbors"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/10/tisa-proposes-new-global-rules-data-flows-and-safe-harbors"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">privacy and internet governance</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, just to name a few.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">But
the labor implications have heretofore not been highlighted. At this point they
seem to be an open door through which to reach the president-elect and his constituents,
and to ensure that the increasing servicification of the economy does not
result in a disastrous future for jobs, wages, and inequality in the United
States. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><b><span style="font-family:Times">Background Information on the TiSA</span></b><span style="font-family:Times"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">The
TISA is currently being negotiated among 50 countries (or 23 parties, counting
the 28-member European Union as one) with the aim of extending the coverage of
scope of the existing General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) in the
World Trade Organization (WTO).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family:Times">In
addition to the</span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/201609_TiSA_Analysis-on-Core-Text/"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/201609_TiSA_Analysis-on-Core-Text/"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">core text</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, it includes annexes setting forth specific
disciplines with regard to either government functions (</span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20151010_Annex-on-Domestic-Regulation/"><span style="font-family:Times">domestic regulation</span></a><span style="font-family:
Times">, </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20150422_Annex-on-Transparency/"><span style="font-family:Times">transparency</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">,
</span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-201504_Annex-on-Government-Procurement/"><span style="font-family:Times">government procurement</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20151006_Annex-on-State-Owned-Enterprises/"><span style="font-family:Times">state owned enterprises</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/20161007_TiSA_Analysis-on-Localisation-Provisions/"><span style="font-family:Times">localization</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">)
or strategic sectors. The strategic sectors can best be understood as giving
corporations the right to move labor (through the </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20150408_Annex-on-Movement-of-Natural-Persons/"><span style="font-family:Times">Mode 4</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> and
</span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/document/20150213_Annex-on-Professional-Services/"><span style="font-family:Times">Professional Services</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> annexes), capital (through the </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/20161007_TiSA_Analysis-on-Financial-Services-Annex/"><span style="font-family:Times">financial services annex</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">), inputs (annexes covering </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20150209_Annex-on-Air-Transport-Services/"><span style="font-family:Times">air</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20150416_Annex-on-International-Maritime-Transport-Services/"><span style="font-family:Times">maritime</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">,
and </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-20150730_Annex-on-Road-Freight-and-Logistics-Services/"><span style="font-family:Times">road transportation</span></a><span style="font-family:
Times">, </span><a href="http://www.world-psi.org/en/tisa-undermines-cop21-action-says-analysis-leaked-annex-energy"><span style="font-family:Times">energy</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, </span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-201504_Annex-on-Telecommunications-Services/"><span style="font-family:Times">telecommunications</span></a><span style="font-family:
Times">, and other services that all services companies rely on), and data (the
</span><a href="https://wikileaks.org/tisa/analysis/Analysis-of-201505_Annex-on-Electronic-Commerce/"><span style="font-family:Times">e-commerce annex</span></a><span style="font-family:
Times">).</span><a href="https://www.wikileaks.org/tisa"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="https://www.wikileaks.org/tisa"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">All of these annexes and the core text
have been leaked</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, sometimes in
multiple iterations which show the evolution of various countries’ positions
over time, along with analysis of the implications of each of the texts
conducted by members of the global Our World Is Not for Sale (OWINFS) network.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">In
addition, the TiSA includes the Schedule of Commitments for each member
country, in which parties set forth which sectors they are willing to commit to
the six market access disciplines and which sectors they are excluding from the
National Treatment disciplines. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family:Times">I
have written summaries of the implications of the leaked documents, on</span><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/setting-the-record-straig_21_b_7555862.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/setting-the-record-straig_21_b_7555862.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">domestic regulation, financial
services, air and maritime transportation, electronic commerce, transparency,
telecommunications, professional services, and the natural movement of persons
(called “Mode 4”)</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> in June 2016; on
financial services, telecommunications services, electronic commerce, and
maritime transport, as well as domestic regulation, Mode 4, transparency,
government procurement, and</span><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/just-before-round-of-nego_b_7715478.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/just-before-round-of-nego_b_7715478.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">the Core Text</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> in July 2015; on</span><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/climate-deception-non-bin_b_8724014.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/climate-deception-non-bin_b_8724014.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">energy services and environmental</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> services, in December 2015; on</span><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/the-leaks-go-on-before-an_b_10147030.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/the-leaks-go-on-before-an_b_10147030.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">state owned enterprises (SOEs),
professional services, and anti-localization provisions</span></a><span style="font-family:Times">, in May 2016; and on the</span><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/as-deadline-looms-wikilea_b_12491038.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none"> </span></a><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deborah-james/as-deadline-looms-wikilea_b_12491038.html"><span style="font-family:Times;color:#1155CC">market access demands of the EU on
developing countries</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> in October
2016.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 16px;">* I
would like to thank University of Auckland law professor Jane Kelsey for several
of these insights.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" align="center" style="font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family:Times">________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="normal" align="center" style="font-size: 14px; text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
<p class="normal" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family:Times">Deborah
James is the Director of International Programs of the </span><a href="http://www.cepr.net"><span style="font-family:Times">Center for Economy
and Policy Research</span></a><span style="font-family:Times"> in Washington,
DC. She coordinates OWINFS, a global network of civil society groups working
for a sustainable, socially just, and democratic multilateral trading system. Please
see </span><a href="http://www.tisauncovered.org"><span style="font-family:
Times;color:#1155CC">www.tisauncovered.org</span></a><span style="font-family:
Times">. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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