<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-considers-change-in-calculating-u-s-trade-deficit-1487523299" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class="">https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-considers-change-in-calculating-u-s-trade-deficit-1487523299</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><h1 style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 24pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 3pt; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="font-size: 30pt;" class="">Trump Administration Considers Change in Calculating U.S. Trade Deficit<o:p class=""></o:p></span></h1><h2 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); letter-spacing: -0.1pt; font-weight: normal;" class="">Tweak in counting exports could bolster president’s case for redoing Nafta, other trade deals<o:p class=""></o:p></span></h2><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">By</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span class="name"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 195); text-transform: uppercase; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">WILLIAM MAULDIN</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="">and </span><span class="name"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 195); text-transform: uppercase; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">DEVLIN BARRETT</span></b></span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Updated Feb. 19, 2017 12:29 p.m. ET<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-considers-change-in-calculating-u-s-trade-deficit-1487523299#livefyre-toggle-SB12143014315375174328604582630001401615134" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 128, 195);" class="">310</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 128, 195); text-decoration: none;" class=""> </span></b></span><span class="comments-count-word"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 128, 195); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;" class="">COMMENTS</span></b></span></a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">WASHINGTON—The<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Trump<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>administration is considering changing the way it calculates U.S. trade deficits, a shift that would make the country’s trade gap appear larger than it had in past years, according to people involved in the discussions.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">The leading idea under consideration would exclude from U.S. exports any goods first imported into the country, such as cars, and then transferred to a third country like Canada or Mexico unchanged, these people told The Wall Street Journal.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Economists say that approach would inflate trade deficit numbers because it would typically count goods as imports when they come into the country but not count the same goods when they go back out, known as re-exports.</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Data on trade balances and surpluses, widely followed by Congress, are at the center of a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-places-tall-order-on-trade-1485279458" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 195);" class="">political battle</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>over whether existing trade agreements should be retained, renegotiated or tossed out altogether.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">A larger trade deficit would give the Trump administration ammunition in arguing that trade deals need to be renegotiated, and might help boost political support for imposing tariffs.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Career government employees objected last week when they were asked to prepare data using the new methodology, according to the people familiar with the discussions. These employees at the U.S. Trade Representative’s office complied with the instructions, but included their views as to why they believe the new calculation wasn’t accurate.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">One person familiar with the discussions said the employees were told the new calculations were to be presented to members of Congress.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">The effect of such a change would be particularly stark on data involving countries that have free trade deals with the U.S., this person said—and in some cases the new methodology could even change a trade surplus into a trade deficit.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Trump trade officials said the idea is part of an early discussion and that they are examining various options. It is unclear whether the administration would adopt any new approach for measuring trade as part of official government data, or just use the higher deficit calculation to make the case for new trade deals.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">“We’re not even close to a decision on that yet,” said<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Payne Griffin,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>the deputy chief of staff at the office of the U.S. Trade Representative. “We had a meeting with the Commerce Department, and we said, ‘Would it be possible to collect those other statistics?’”<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">The Commerce Department’s Bureau of Economic Affairs on Friday said “any internal discussions about data collection methods are no more than the continuation of a longstanding debate and are part of the bureau’s normal process as we strive to provide the most precise statistics possible.”<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Edward Gresser,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>the assistant U.S. trade representative for policy and economics, declined to comment. Robert Lighthizer, Mr. Trump’s pick for trade representative, hasn’t yet received a hearing in the Senate.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">A spokeswoman for the Census Bureau, which calculates the trade deficit numbers, said she wasn’t aware of discussions about changing the data.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><img apple-inline="yes" id="27F097AD-CF7B-4D05-9579-B15C28B7DA85" height="1505" width="700" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D28B61.C57B0CB0" class=""></span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Economists are watching the Trump administration’s use of government data as he seeks to promote his economic policies. Last week, the Journal reported that the administration has drafted preliminary economic-growth forecasts for federal budgeting that<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-teams-growth-forecasts-far-rosier-than-those-of-cbo-private-economists-1487356278" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 195);" class="">rely on far-rosier assumptions than most</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>projections.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">On the trade deficit, those who support considering a new approach say they are seeking a more accurate picture of the value of products produced in one country and consumed in another. With their focus on domestic manufacturing, Trump administration officials want to measure exports of American-made products, not items shipped from abroad and re-exported.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Several economists interviewed by the Journal were uneasy with fully excluding re-exports from exports but not imports.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">“As a statistician, you generally want symmetry,” said<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Steve Landefeld,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>former BEA director. “If you’re going to begin to exclude re-exports from the U.S. export figures, you probably for reasons of symmetry” would want to adjust import figures as well.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">President Donald Trump has criticized the trade policy of previous presidents and blamed prior trade deals, including the North American Free Trade Agreement, for job losses.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Many economists say trade agreements don’t play a major role in shaping a country’s overall trade balance, which they say are more linked to national investment and savings rates. Others point to the surplus the U.S. has in services trade as a growing competitive advantage, even as merchandise exports lag imports. But Mr. Trump and his advisers see the U.S. goods trade deficit as an indicator of U.S. economic weakness.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">He has repeatedly cited the $63.1 billion U.S. trade deficit with Mexico last year. Under the new approach the trade deficit with Mexico would be nearly twice as high, at $115.4 billion. The difference is mostly due to the treatment of re-exports.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Re-exports are currently included in “total exports” figures most frequently cited and used by the Census Bureau to calculate the trade balance.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">On the imports side, officials are also exploring switching to “imports for consumption,” a slightly narrower way of measuring imports that would make less of a difference in the overall balance.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">The Obama administration, which resisted calls from critics of its trade policy to change the figures, argued that excluding items re-exported from the U.S. export column but including them in U.S. imports could inflate the trade deficit or trim surpluses.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><strong class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">Corrections & Amplifications</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class=""> </span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><br class="">Robert Lighthizer is President Donald Trump’s nominee for U.S. trade representative. An earlier version of this article misspelled his surname as Ligthhizer. (Feb. 19, 2017)<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 21pt; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; background-position: 0px 0px;" class=""><strong class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">Write to</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b class=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class=""> </span></b></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">William Mauldin at<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:william.mauldin@wsj.com" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 195);" class="">william.mauldin@wsj.com</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and Devlin Barrett at<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:devlin.barrett@wsj.com" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 195);" class="">devlin.barrett@wsj.com</span></a></span></div></body></html>