<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="https://www.politicopro.com/agriculture/story/2017/10/trump-eyeing-nafta-proposal-to-roll-back-protections-for-foreign-investors-163145" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class="">https://www.politicopro.com/agriculture/story/2017/10/trump-eyeing-nafta-proposal-to-roll-back-protections-for-foreign-investors-163145</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 24pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248);" class=""><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif;" class="">Trump eyeing NAFTA proposal to roll back protections for foreign investors<o:p class=""></o:p></span></h1><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><span style="font-size: 16.5pt; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';" class="">The administration is said to want to soften two key protections that investors often use as a basis for filing disputes<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 14.4pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="">By <a href="https://www.politicopro.com/staff/adam-behsudi" target="_top" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><b class=""><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="">ADAM BEHSUDI</span></b></a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248);" class=""><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 14.4pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248);" class=""><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class="">10/10/2017 05:03 AM EDT<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">The Trump administration is expected to make its assault on NAFTA's investor-state dispute settlement process during this week's talks, coming out with a proposal that would effectively hobble the controversial arrangement.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">The existing investor-state dispute settlement process — which allows foreign investors to seek steep damages for government actions that they believe violate their rights under the agreement — has strong backing among the business and agriculture sectors, making the administration's play a risky move.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">The administration's proposal features an “opt-in” provision that would make the entire ISDS process voluntary for countries to observe, according to three sources briefed on the plans.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">The administration <a href="https://www.politicopro.com/tipsheets/morning-trade/2017/08/trump-well-probably-terminate-nafta-024363" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(10, 124, 196);" class="">floated</span></a> the opt-in concept to congressional trade committees before the first round of negotiations in August. But now the administration wants to go even further by proposing to roll back two key protections that investors often use as a basis for filing disputes, the sources said.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">First, the U.S. proposal would no longer permit a violation of the “minimum standard of treatment” as grounds for foreign investors to request an independent arbitration panel if they feel government action has diminished the value of their investment. The concept of a minimum standard of treatment, found in customary international law, establishes that governments must generally provide foreign investors with fair and equitable treatment under their laws. It is supposed to serve as a threshold for defining when a company experiences a "denial of justice."<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">But critics of ISDS argue the minimum standard of treatment has become subject to overly broad interpretations by arbitration panels and has become a catch-all argument for foreign companies that can’t successfully argue their case under the more prescriptive investment protections.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">Trade watchdog group Public Citizen, in a 2015 <a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/tpp-investment-leak-2015.pdf" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(10, 124, 196);" class="">analysis</span></a> of the Trans-Pacific Partnership’s ISDS language, said 75 percent of the 28 ISDS cases that foreign investors have won against the U.S. were successful in part because of violations of the minimum standard of treatment.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">Second, the NAFTA proposal the administration is expected to unveil would also eliminate “indirect expropriation” as an argument a foreign investor could use to file a claim. That would make it harder for a foreign company to win damages based on a government action that has only partially devalued an investment as opposed to a full seizure of the investment without proper compensation.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">Critics say the concept of indirect expropriation has also broadened interpretations<b class=""> </b>beyond loss of physical property to include harm of other assets, such as intellectual property.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">One business source told POLITICO that for the administration to call to ditch the two protections is “almost beside the point,” based on the fact that President Donald Trump's negotiators are expected to press for the entire ISDS system to be made voluntary.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">If the opt-in provision were to become part of a reworked deal and the U.S. were to decide not to be subject to the dispute-settlement process, it is almost certain that Mexico and Canada would also refrain from opting in, this source predicted.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">The pair of carve-outs on top of the proposal to make the ISDS system voluntary would represent a negotiating point consistent with the Trump administration’s “America First” approach to trade policy, which rejects the power of international bodies to reverse or penalize U.S. government action.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">At the start of NAFTA talks in August, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer <a href="https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/august/opening-statement-ustr-robert-0" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(10, 124, 196);" class="">said</span></a> he wanted a new agreement to feature dispute-settlement provisions “designed to respect our national sovereignty and our democratic processes.”<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">U.S. trade promotion authority <a href="https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ26/PLAW-114publ26.pdf" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(10, 124, 196);" class="">legislation</span></a>, through which Congress gave directions to the administration on negotiating demands as a condition for fast-tracking passage of trade deals, provides some leeway to the administration on ISDS, only requiring that a deal “provide meaningful procedures for resolving investment disputes.” But the law also requires that any dispute mechanism be improved to cut down on frivolous claims, allow for more public input and include an appeals procedure.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">Lighthizer could also argue that eliminating the two protections from ISDS is in line with the TPA's requirements that "foreign investors in the United States are not accorded greater substantive rights with respect to investment protections."<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">"What I understand their goal to be is to meet the fast track standard of having nothing greater than what's in U.S. law," said Lori Wallach, director of Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch, which has long opposed ISDS as an overreach.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">Wallach argued that both protections provide companies with the ability to seek damages for legal standards that wouldn't otherwise be available under U.S. laws.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">More broadly, critics of the ISDS process, including labor unions and many congressional Democrats, say it gives foreign corporations too much power to skirt domestic courts, thereby elevating their rights above those of U.S. citizens.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">But for U.S. businesses that strongly support the ISDS mechanism, the administration's proposal would be the latest in a series of U.S. demands that are seen as “<a href="https://www.politicopro.com/agriculture/story/2017/10/nafta-talks-trump-administration-chamber-of-commerce-163095" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(10, 124, 196);" class="">highly dangerous</span></a>” departures from decades of established U.S. trade policy.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">American business and agricultural groups see the ISDS process as a red line for any trade deal. U.S. firms often view ISDS cases as the only viable way to recover an investment in countries where the judicial system is considered inadequate or corrupt.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">It will also be a huge battle to incorporate such a provision, predicts the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-right: 258.65pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; background-color: rgb(247, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Georgia, serif;" class="">"Let me be forceful and direct. There are several poison pill proposals still on the table that could doom the entire deal," the U.S. Chamber of Commerce CEO Tom Donohue is expected to say in a speech he will give in Mexico City on Tuesday.</span></p></body></html>