<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">INSIDE US TRADE<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><h1 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 26px;"><font size="3" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">Sources: Binding currency provisions included in U.S.-Mexico deal</span></font></h1><div class="timestamp" style="margin: 4px 0px 12px; padding: 4px 0px; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); font-weight: bold;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">September 24, 2018 at 12:45 PM</span></div><div class="body" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">The new U.S.-Mexico trade deal includes currency provisions that will be subject to dispute settlement rules, <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">Inside U.S. Trade </em>has learned, marking a departure other U.S. trade agreements that address currency in non-binding side pacts.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">The inclusion of currency provisions subject to dispute settlement mechanisms has been a key goal of several lawmakers and U.S. industry groups as the U.S. has renegotiated the North American Free Trade Agreement. To date the U.S. has struck a deal with Mexico alone; Canada and the U.S. continue to negotiate.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">Additionally, a private-sector source contended that if the provisions were binding, progressive groups might see them as “another reason” to support a new NAFTA or “at least stay neutral” because the inclusion of enforceable provisions aimed at deterring currency manipulation has also been <a href="https://insidetrade.com/node/162283" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">a key priority</a> for them.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">While the currency provisions in the Mexico deal are binding, one source questioned whether the language could be enforceable. The source called the inclusion of currency language in the deal itself -- as opposed to a side agreement -- a step forward but questioned whether the provisions would effectively address manipulation concerns that have been raised to the administration.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">Several lawmakers, including Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) have characterized currency manipulation deterrents as key improvements that should be included in NAFTA 2.0. Wyden, who serves as ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee, spoke with U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer last May about the inclusion of language that would <a href="https://insidetrade.com/node/158776" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">address currency manipulation</a>. “Certainly that's what the members have been concerned about,” Wyden said.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">Lighthizer told lawmakers last year that he was seeking “a model statute on currency” but would not elaborate on what such a provision might entail. USTR's <a href="https://insidetrade.com/node/161074" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">NAFTA negotiating objectives</a> say the Trump administration is seeking “through an appropriate mechanism” to ensure that NAFTA countries “avoid manipulating exchange rates in order to prevent effective balance of payments adjustment or to gain an unfair competitive advantage.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">Fact sheets outlining the U.S.-Mexico deal released last month, however, do not include language on currency.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">Last month, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said <a href="https://insidetrade.com/node/164197" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">a currency chapter</a> would be a “part of the NAFTA deal,” but did not say whether it would be subject to dispute settlement provisions.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">“As part of the NAFTA deal, for the first time, we have a very strong currency chapter that talks about currency transparency,” he said on Aug. 28. “So this is something we’re very much focused on in all of our trading relationships."</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">In March, the U.S. and South Korea, in talks about modifying their free trade agreement, agreed to a currency side deal that, according to senior administration officials, <a href="https://insidetrade.com/node/162466" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">would not be subject to dispute settlement rules</a>. The side deal, which was delegated to the Treasury Department and South Korean Ministry of Strategy and Finance, would be used to inform currency provisions in NAFTA, the officials added.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">The status of the side deal, however, remains unknown as it was not published with the text of other <a href="https://insidetrade.com/node/164282" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">“negotiated outcomes”</a> released by USTR earlier this month.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">“Building on existing discussions, the U.S. Treasury and Korea’s Ministry of Strategy and Finance intend to meet frequently to discuss concerns arising from macroeconomic and foreign exchange policies,” a Treasury Department spokesman told <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">Inside U.S Trade </em>on Sept. 5. “Both countries continue to maintain a market-oriented exchange rate and are avoiding currency manipulation.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">One source expressed surprise that the currency side deal wasn't released along with the other KORUS outcomes, as a side deal was released at the same time as the text of the Trans-Pacific Partnership.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">The Obama administration negotiated and agreed to <a href="https://insidetrade.com/node/150945" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">a joint declaration</a> signed by all 12 TPP members in which they <a href="https://www.treasury.gov/initiatives/Documents/TPP_Currency_November%202015.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">committed</a>not to manipulate their currencies and to follow transparency requirements. President Trump withdrew the U.S. from the agreement shortly after taking office.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border: 0px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);" class="">Several international trade lawyers said they expected the U.S.-Mexico currency language to be similar to TPP's. -- <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">Isabelle Hoagland </em>(<a href="mailto:ihoagland@iwpnews.com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;" class="">ihoagland@iwpnews.com</a>)</span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><div apple-content-edited="true" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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