<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><section class="ccb ccb-chapter" data-chapter-title="Endnotes" data-chapter="6" id="chapter-6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div class="footnotes" id="footnotes-465744" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.3;"><ol style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.65em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2rem; font-size: 1.1rem !important; line-height: 2rem !important;"><li id="fn-465744-27" class="selectionShareable _mPS2id-t" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem !important; line-height: 2; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="footnotereverse" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2019/02/01/465744/trumps-trade-deal-road-not-taken/#fnref-465744-27" in_tag="ol" kaspersky_status="skipped" class="_mPS2id-h" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: color 150ms ease; -webkit-transition: color 150ms ease; color: rgb(35, 94, 189);"></a></span></li><li id="fn-465744-28" class="selectionShareable _mPS2id-t" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 1rem !important; line-height: 2; word-wrap: break-word;">Robert E. Scott, “The effects of NAFTA on US trade, jobs, and investment, 1993–2013,” <em style="box-sizing: inherit;" class="">Review of Keynesian Economics</em>2 (4) (2014): 429–41. Also note that the employment impacts of trade deficits are assessed using an input-output model that estimates the direct and indirect labor requirements of producing output in a given<p class="selectionShareable" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.7; -webkit-margin-before: 0.5rem; -webkit-margin-after: 0.5rem; padding: 10px 0px;">domestic industry. The model includes 195 U.S. industries, 77 of which are in the manufacturing sector. The model estimates the amount of labor, or number of jobs, required to produce a given volume of exports and the labor displaced when a given volume of imports is substituted for domestic output. The net of these two numbers is the estimated number of jobs displaced by changes in the trade balance, holding all else equal. See also Dean Baker, “Nafta Lowered Wages, as It Was Supposed to Do,” <em style="box-sizing: inherit;" class="">The New York Times, </em>December 5, 2013, available at <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/11/24/what-weve-learned-from-nafta/nafta-lowered-wages-as-it-was-supposed-to-do" in_tag="ol" kaspersky_status="skipped" checked_link="https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/11/24/what-weve-learned-from-nafta/nafta-lowered-wages-as-it-was-supposed-to-do" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: color 150ms ease; -webkit-transition: color 150ms ease; color: rgb(35, 94, 189);" class="">https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/11/24/what-weve-learned-from-nafta/nafta-lowered-wages-as-it-was-supposed-to-do</a>. <span class="footnotereverse" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2019/02/01/465744/trumps-trade-deal-road-not-taken/#fnref-465744-28" in_tag="ol" kaspersky_status="skipped" class="_mPS2id-h" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: color 150ms ease; -webkit-transition: color 150ms ease; color: rgb(35, 94, 189);"></a></span></p></li></ol></div></section></body></html>