<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">VIDEO AT: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000007226041/china-coronavirus-masks-uighur-labor-ppe.html" id="LPlnk880628" style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 12pt;" class="">https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000007226041/china-coronavirus-masks-uighur-labor-ppe.html</span></a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/19/world/asia/china-mask-forced-labor.html?searchResultPosition=2" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/19/world/asia/china-mask-forced-labor.html?searchResultPosition=2</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(18, 18, 18);" class="">China Is Using Uighur Labor to Produce Face Masks<o:p class=""></o:p></span></b></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">By Muyi Xiao, Haley Willis, Christoph Koettl, Natalie Reneau and Drew Jordan<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;" class="">07/19/2020</span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""> </span></div><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">As the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/news-event/coronavirus" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(50, 104, 145); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">coronavirus pandemic</span></a> continues to drive demand for personal protective equipment, Chinese companies are rushing to manufacture the gear for domestic and global consumption. A <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000007226041/china-coronavirus-masks-uighur-labor-ppe" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(50, 104, 145); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">New York Times visual investigation has found</span></a> that some of those companies are using Uighur labor through a contentious government-sponsored program that experts say often puts people to work against their will.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><div style="margin: 0.78125rem; font-size: 1.125rem; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5625rem; width: calc(100% - 40px);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Uighurs are a largely Muslim ethnic minority primarily from the Xinjiang region of northwest China. The <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/world/asia/china-xinjiang-muslims-labor.html" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(50, 104, 145); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">program sends Uighurs and other ethnic minorities</span></a> into factory and service jobs. Now, their labor is part of the P.P.E. supply chain. According to China’s National Medical Products Administration, only four companies in Xinjiang produced medical grade protective equipment before the pandemic. As of June 30, that number was 51. After reviewing state media reports and public records, The Times found that at least 17 of those companies participate in the labor transfer program.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0.78125rem; font-size: 1.125rem; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5625rem; width: calc(100% - 40px);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">The companies produce equipment primarily for domestic use, but The Times identified several other companies outside Xinjiang that use Uighur labor and export globally. We traced a shipment of face masks to a medical supply company in the U.S. state of Georgia from a factory in China’s Hubei Province, where more than 100 Uighur workers had been sent. The workers are required to learn Mandarin and pledge their loyalty to China at weekly flag-raising ceremonies.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 1.125rem; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5625rem; width: calc(100% - 40px);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">The program is widely publicized in state media as a form of poverty reduction. The Human Rights Investigations Lab at the University of California, Berkeley and the Uyghur Human Rights Project have both collected dozens of videos and social media reports that document the recent labor transfers.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0.78125rem; font-size: 1.125rem; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5625rem; width: calc(100% - 40px);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Uighurs have long been persecuted by the Chinese government, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/16/world/asia/china-xinjiang-documents.html" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(50, 104, 145); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class="">which says its tight control over Xinjiang is necessary</span></a> to fight what it calls religious extremism. In a response to The Times, the spokesman for China’s Embassy in the U.S. said the program helps “local residents rise above poverty through employment and lead fulfilling lives.”<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0.78125rem; font-size: 1.125rem; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5625rem; width: calc(100% - 40px);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Quotas on the number of workers put into the labor program and the penalties faced by those who refuse to cooperate, however, mean that participation is often, in effect, involuntary.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0.78125rem; font-size: 1.125rem; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5625rem; width: calc(100% - 40px);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">“There are these coercive quotas that cause people to be put into factory work when they don’t want to be,” said Amy K. Lehr, the director of the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “And that could be considered forced labor under international law.”<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><br class=""><div class="">
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