<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/07/opinion/covid-vaccines-patents.html" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666666984558105px; color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/07/opinion/covid-vaccines-patents.html</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 24pt;" class="">Want Vaccines Fast? Suspend Intellectual Property Rights</span></div><p class="css-w6ymp8" id="article-summary" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><i class=""><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Otherwise, there won’t be enough shots to go around, even in rich countries.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></i></p><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">By <span class="css-1baulvz">Achal Prabhala</span>, <span class="css-1baulvz">Arjun Jayadev</span> and <span class="css-1baulvz">Dean Baker</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Dec. 7, 2020, <span class="css-epvm6">5:01 a.m. ET </span></span></div><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">As some reports would have it, this is <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/12/03/britain-pfizer-vaccine-nationalism/?utm_campaign=wp_todays_worldview&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter&wpisrc=nl_todayworld&carta-url=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.washingtonpost.com%2Fcar-ln-tr%2F2d3fc8b%252" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">the beginning of the end</a>. <a href="https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/modernas-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-meets-its-primary-efficacy" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">Three</a> <a href="https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-conclude-phase-3-study-covid-19-vaccine" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">coronavirus</a> <a href="https://www.astrazeneca.com/content/astraz/media-centre/press-releases/2020/azd1222hlr.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">vaccines</a> have posted excellent results, with more expected to come.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">But this is not the beginning of the end; it is only the beginning of an endless wait: There aren’t enough vaccines to go around in the richest countries on earth, let alone the poorest ones.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">That’s why it makes little sense that the United States, Britain and the European Union, among others, are blocking a proposal at the World Trade Organization that would allow them, and the rest of the world, to get more of the vaccines and treatments we all need.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">The <a href="https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/IP/C/W669.pdf&Open=True" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">proposal</a>, put forward by India and South Africa in October, calls on the W.T.O. to exempt member countries from enforcing some patents, trade secrets or pharmaceutical monopolies under the organization’s agreement on trade-related intellectual property rights, known as <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/trips_e.htm" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">TRIPs</a>.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">It cites the “exceptional circumstances” created by the pandemic and argues that intellectual property protections are currently “hindering or potentially hindering timely provisioning of affordable medical products”; the waiver would allow W.T.O. member countries to change their laws so that companies there could produce generic versions of any coronavirus vaccines and Covid-19 treatments.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">The idea was <a href="https://insidetrade.com/daily-news/us-eu-oppose-wto-effort-waive-ip-protections-amid-pandemic" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">immediately opposed</a> by the United States, the European Union, Britain, Norway, Switzerland, Japan, Canada, Australia and Brazil. It was opposed again at <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/11/20/rich-countries-block-covid-19-drugs-rights-waiver-at-wto" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">another meeting</a> in November, and <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/wto-members-may-seek-more-time-to-decide-on-trips-waiver-to-fight-covid-19/article33250222.ece" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">again last week</a>.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">By our count, nearly 100 countries favor the proposal, and yet because <a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org1_e.htm" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">almost all decisions at the W.T.O. are made by consensus</a>, a small number of countries can thwart the will of the majority, even a super majority. (The organization has 164 members.)<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">The U.S. trade representative <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/developing-nations-push-for-covid-vaccines-without-the-patents-11605614409" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">is reported to have said</a> that protecting intellectual property rights and otherwise “facilitating incentives for innovation and competition” was the best way to ensure the “swift delivery” of any vaccines and treatments. The European Union <a href="https://www.keionline.org/34275" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">has argued</a> that there was “no indication that intellectual property rights issues have been a genuine barrier in relation to Covid-19-related medicines and technologies.” The British mission to the W.T.O. agrees, characterizing the waiver proposal as “<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-statement-to-the-trips-council-item-15" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">an extreme measure to address an unproven problem</a>.”<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">In fact, the novel technology at the heart of the Moderna vaccine, for example, was <a href="https://khn.org/news/vaccine-pioneers-basic-research-scientists-laid-groundwork-for-billion-dollar-pharma-products/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">developed</a> partly by the National Institutes of Health using U.S. federal funds. Moderna then received a total of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/21/us/politics/coronavirus-vaccine.html" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">some $2.5 billion in taxpayer money</a> for research support and as preorders for vaccines; <a href="https://www.axios.com/moderna-barda-coronavirus-funding-disclosure-2775a517-a775-485a-a509-b6906c8535a9.html?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=a156de0d-5e0e-477d-acb3-ad8efea8551d&eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=a363f8a5-20b1-4609-bca0-72579f573204" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">by the company’s own admission</a>, the $1 billion contribution it received for research covered 100 percent of those costs.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Moderna has <a href="https://investors.modernatx.com/node/10066/pdf" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">pledged</a> not to enforce its “Covid-19 related patents against those making vaccines intended to combat the pandemic.” But as Doctors Without Borders <a href="https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/news-stories/news/msf-modernas-decision-not-enforce-covid-19-vaccine-patents-during" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">has pointed out</a>, that offer is less generous than it seems since other types of intellectual property, such as know-how or trade secrets, typically are needed to develop and produce vaccines.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Pfizer, <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-eu-pfizer/eu-seals-deal-with-pfizer-biontech-for-supply-of-300-million-doses-of-covid-vaccine-idINKBN27R1F5" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">for its part</a>, received a $455 million grant from the German government to develop its vaccine, and then, by our count, nearly $6 billion in purchase commitments from the United States and the European Union.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">AstraZeneca benefited from some public funding while it was developing its vaccine, and received a total of more than $2 billion <a href="https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/astrazeneca-scores-1b-from-u-s-signs-up-to-deliver-hundreds-millions-covid-19-vaccines" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">from the United States</a>and the <a href="https://www.fiercepharma.com/manufacturing/az-nets-396m-downpayment-for-300m-plus-eu-vaccine-doses" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">European Union</a> for both research and in purchase commitments. It also signed <a href="https://www.fiercepharma.com/manufacturing/astrazeneca-unveils-massive-750m-deal-effort-to-produce-billions-covid-19-shots" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">a deal worth $750 million</a> to supply the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance with a total of <a href="https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/astrazeneca-takes-next-steps-towards-broad-and-equitable-access-to-oxford-universitys-covid-19-vaccine.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">300 million doses</a>.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">In other words, the vaccines developed by these companies were developed thanks wholly or partly to taxpayer money. Those vaccines essentially belong to the people — and yet the people are about to pay for them again, and with little prospect of getting as many as they need fast enough.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">We calculate, based on Pfizer’s and Moderna’s stated vaccine-production capacity and their supply deals with the United States and the European Union,<a href="https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-supply-japan-120-million-doses-their" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">as well as</a> <a href="https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/132173/takeda-to-supply-japan-with-modernas-covid-19-vaccine/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">Japan</a> and <a href="https://nationalpost.com/news/moderna-chairman-says-canada-near-head-of-line-for-20-million-vaccine-doses" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">Canada</a>, that these countries can expect, at best, to have about 50 percent of their populations covered by the end of 2021. Considering that <a href="https://www.globaljustice.org.uk/news/2020/nov/11/most-pfizers-vaccine-already-promised-richest-campaigners-warn" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">82 percent of the vaccines</a> Pfizer says it can produce through next year and <a href="https://www.globaljustice.org.uk/news/2020/nov/16/78-moderna-vaccine-doses-already-sold-rich-countries" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">78 percent of Moderna’s</a> have already been sold to rich countries, according to the advocacy group Global Justice Now, imagine the likely shortages and delays for the rest of the world. (Canada is said to have placed so many preorders that it could end up with <a href="https://globalnews.ca/news/7467507/canada-coronavirus-vaccines/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">10 doses per capita</a>.)<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">AstraZeneca, to its credit, has struck deals with manufacturers in <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-india-vaccine/serum-institute-to-focus-on-supplying-covid-19-vaccine-to-india-first-idINL4N2I92LA" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">India</a> and <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-latam-vaccine/astrazeneca-set-to-start-making-400-million-covid-19-vaccines-for-latam-early-in-2021-idINKCN2591Y1" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">Latin</a> <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-vaccine/brazil-signs-agreement-to-produce-astrazenecas-experimental-covid-19-vaccine-idINKBN23Y0NB" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">America</a>, <a href="https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/astrazeneca-takes-next-steps-towards-broad-and-equitable-access-to-oxford-universitys-covid-19-vaccine.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">as well as with Gavi</a>, to help <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03370-6?utm_source=Nature+Briefing&utm_campaign=64d644f9c0-briefing-wk-20201204&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c9dfd39373-64d644f9c0-42896183" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">poor countries get access to its vaccine</a>. (It has also <a href="https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/azd1222hlr.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">committed not to make a profit</a> from its vaccine during the pandemic — though, according to <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/c474f9e1-8807-4e57-9c79-6f4af145b686" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">a Financial Times report based on company documents</a>, AstraZeneca has retained the right to declare the end of the pandemic as early as July 2021.) That said, the company estimates that it will be able to make three billion doses by the end of 2021; that’s enough for only 20 percent of the world’s population.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Poor countries have faced such problems before. The W.T.O.’s creation in 1995 coincided with <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp048156" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">a surge of H.I.V./AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa</a>. By 1996,<a href="https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/54/1/10/746768" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">new treatments</a> were developed that made AIDS a mostly manageable condition — though only for people who could afford them. Nongeneric drugs <a href="https://msfaccess.org/sites/default/files/HIV_report_Untangling-the-web-18thed_ENG_2016.pdf" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">cost about $10,000 a year</a> at the turn of the century, and were well out of the reach of many people in, say, <a href="https://msfaccess.org/worldwide-revolt-access" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">South Africa</a>. It <a href="https://www.voanews.com/archive/s-africa-begins-giving-free-aids-drugs-patients-2004-04-01" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">took the South African government almost a decade</a> to break the monopolies held by foreign drug companies that kept the country hostage, and kept people there dying.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">In Brazil, Gilead Sciences, the monopoly owner of sofosbuvir, a breakthrough treatment for hepatitis C, has been in <a href="https://theintercept.com/2020/05/07/coronavirus-vaccine-drug-company-monopolies-brazil/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">a deadlock with the government</a> over expanding and cheapening access to the drug for Brazilians. By <a href="https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2019/10/25/gilead-brazil-hepatitis-antitrust-drug-prices/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">several</a> <a href="https://reporterbrasil.org.br/2020/06/why-brazil-pays-up-to-1400-brl-for-a-medicine-that-costs-34-brl/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">accounts</a>, when Gilead Sciences obtained patents for sofosbuvir in early 2019, it hiked the price for Brazilian public agencies from $16 to<a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/scienceandhealth/2019/10/cost-of-hepatitis-c-drug-price-skyrockets-1422-after-patent-approval.shtml" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class=""> $240 a capsule</a>. Yet that would drop to about $8 if the drug were produced locally under <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893582/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">a compulsory licensing scheme</a> that the TRIPs agreement already allows in some circumstances.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Countries in which drugs are relatively cheap, such as India, face another kind of challenge: attempts to overturn the laws that make those drugs accessible there. Novartis, the Swiss pharmaceutical giant, fought a decade-long battle <a href="https://www.ip-watch.org/2013/04/04/the-judgment-in-novartis-v-india-what-the-supreme-court-of-india-said/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">to secure monopoly control</a> in India over its treatment for leukemia, and in the process tried to have <a href="https://www.escr-net.org/caselaw/2020/novartis-ag-v-union-india-2007" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">a key provision of Indian patent law struck down</a> as unconstitutional. (It failed on both fronts.)<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">What’s more, the crisis of access to affordable medicines also affects countries whose governments defend extensive intellectual property protections for companies: <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2019/09/10/insulin-public-option-pharmaceutical-industry/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">Insulin</a>, for example, can be punishingly expensive in the United States.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/29/health/covid-remdesivir-gilead.html" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">Remdesivir</a>, a drug used to treat Covid-19 (with<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/17/opinion/remdesivir-covid-fda.html" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class=""> mixed results</a>), is now in short supply <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/opinion/remdesivir-shortage-coronavirus.html" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">in the United States</a> and <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-europe-drugs/european-countries-face-shortages-of-covid-19-drug-remdesivir-idINKBN26R2L8" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">Europe</a>. Gilead Sciences, remdesivir’s manufacturer, has retained its monopoly over the drug in rich countries, but in May it signed <a href="https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2020/05/12/gilead-generics-remdesivir-covid19-coronavirus-licenses/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">licensing agreements with companies in 127 countries</a> so that they could produce generic versions for sale there. The result? While there have been shortages of the drug in the West, it has been available in increasingly stable supplies in several poor countries, sometimes at <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/d1d69573-c3f8-4e6b-b147-2f29e9721c0d" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">one-tenth of the price</a>.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">But the governments of rich countries can push back against Big Pharma, too, and sometimes have done so — despite the pharmaceutical industry’s sometimes colossal financial clout. (Campaign and lobbying contributions from drug makers to the U.S. federal government totaled some $4.7 billion between 1999 and 2018, according to <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054854/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">one recent study</a>.) In the aftermath of 9/11, the United States feared an anthrax attack and needed unusually large supplies of ciprofloxacin from Bayer; when the government <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/25/business/nation-challenged-cost-bayer-agrees-charge-government-lower-price-for-anthrax.html?searchResultPosition=2" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">threatened to bypass the company’s patent</a> and buy generic alternatives, the company <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1003966074330899280#:~:text=Bayer%2C%20a%20German%20pharmaceutical%20maker,at%2095%20cents%20a%20pill.&text=The%20deal%20guarantees%20the%20government,than%20supplies%20can%20treat%20now" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">lowered the price of the antibiotic and increased supplies</a>.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">In Britain last year, families of children with cystic fibrosis petitioned the government to suspend a company’s monopoly over Orkambi, the first significant treatment for the disease. After political parties threw their weight behind the petition, Vertex, the maker of Orkambi, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/12/tories-orkambi-drug-pricing-nhs" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">agreed to sell the drug at a much lower price</a> than it had been holding out for.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">As for coronavirus vaccines and Covid-19 treatments, another meeting of the TRIPs Council is scheduled for Dec. 10; on Dec. 16 and 17 the W.T.O.’s general council, one of the organization’s highest decision-making bodies, will meet. The United States, the European Union and Britain are expected to dig their heels in.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Yet mounting pressure from poor countries at the W.T.O. should give the governments of rich countries leverage to negotiate with their pharmaceutical companies for cheaper drugs and vaccines worldwide. Leaning on those companies is the right thing to do in the face of a global pandemic; it is also the best way for the governments of rich countries to take care of their own populations, which in some cases experience more severe drug shortages than do people in far less affluent places.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-158dogj" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Last month, the editorial board of The Wall Street Journal denounced the TRIPs waiver proposal put forward by India and South Africa as a “<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-global-covid-vaccine-heist-11605829343" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">patent heist</a>,” adding that “their effort would harm everyone, including the poor.” In fact, the effort would help everyone, including the rich — if only the rich could see that.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="css-pncxxs" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">Achal Prabhala is the coordinator of the AccessIBSA project, which campaigns for access to medicines, and a fellow of the Shuttleworth Foundation, in Bangalore. Arjun Jayadev is a professor of economics at Azim Premji University, in Bangalore, and a senior economist at the Institute for New Economic Thinking. Dean Baker is a senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research in Washington, D.C.</span></p><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><i class="">Mr. Prabhala is a public health activist. Mr. Jayadev and Mr. Baker are economists.<o:p class=""></o:p></i></span></div></div><div class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class="">
Arthur Stamoulis<br class="">Citizens Trade Campaign<br class="">(202) 494-8826<br class=""><br class=""><br class=""><br class="">
</div>
<br class=""></body></html>